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University of Graz Natural sciences News Abwehr mit Aroma
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Monday, 12 December 2016

Abwehr mit Aroma

Die Fresswut des Gürteltier-Dickmaulrüsslers setzt Forstwirtschaft und Gartenfreunden zu. Pinien-Aroma vertreibt den Schädling. Foto: Curculia Institut Hannover/Peter Sprick

Die Fresswut des Gürteltier-Dickmaulrüsslers setzt Forstwirtschaft und Gartenfreunden zu. Pinien-Aroma vertreibt den Schädling. Foto: Curculia Institut Hannover/Peter Sprick

Chemiker der Uni Graz entwickelt natürliches Anti-Fraß-Mittel für Baumschädlinge

Rüsselkäfer sind gefürchtete Schädlinge in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft sowie im Ziergarten. Der Fichtenrüssler und der Gefurchte Dickmaulrüssler beispielsweise bringen durch ihre Fresswut ganze Bäume zum Absterben. Das Aroma der Pinien allerdings verdirbt ihnen den Appetit. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kroutil und sein Team vom Institut für Chemie der Uni Graz haben kürzlich eine schnelle und kostengünstige Methode entwickelt, um diesen Duftstoff künstlich herzustellen und damit die Insekten auf biologischem Weg zu vertreiben.
„Wir bedienen uns der so genannten Biokatalyse, verwenden für die Produktion des Aromastoffes also zur Gänze Enzymen als Biokatalysatoren“, erklärt Kroutil. Diese kommen in der Natur vor, bestehen nur aus Aminosäuren und sind somit leicht abbaubar. Schon bei Zimmertemperatur, normalem Luftdruck und in wässriger Lösung können sie chemische Reaktionen stark beschleunigen. „Das erspart uns aufwändige, umweltschädigende Prozesse“, fasst der Wissenschafter zusammen. Auf diese Art konnte im Labor ein effizientes Anti-Fraß-Mittel hergestellt werden, das das Kompetenzzentrum für Baumschule der Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein, der Partner in diesem Forschungsprojekt, erfolgreich getestet hat: „Besprüht man die Nadeln mit dem Aroma, verlassen die Insekten die Pflanze“, weiß Kroutil. Einschlägige österreichische Herstellerfirmen zeigen sich an dem Verfahren bereits interessiert.
Kroutils Technologie, die er gemeinsam mit dem Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (acib) entwickelt hat, ist nicht nur ein Erfolg für die Landwirtschaft: Mit dem Pinien-Aroma verwandte Stoffe werden nämlich auch in der Medizin und für pharmazeutische Produkte benötigt. „Wir haben jetzt erstmals einen effektiven und umweltfreundlichen Herstellungsweg mit billigen Ausgangsstoffen gefunden. Weitere Anwendungen sind also in Reichweite“, so der Chemiker.

created by Dagmar Eklaude

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