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Wednesday, 25 January 2017

Grüne Geheimnisse

Tomáš Werner ist seit 1. Oktober 2016 Professor für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie an der Uni Graz. Foto: Uni Graz/Pichler

Tomáš Werner ist seit 1. Oktober 2016 Professor für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie an der Uni Graz. Foto: Uni Graz/Pichler

Tomáš Werner erforscht das Innenleben von Pflanzen

Dem Wachstum, der Entwicklung und den Reaktionen von Pflanzen auf sich verändernde Umweltbedingungen liegen vielfältige molekulare und biochemische Prozesse zugrunde. Dabei spielen Phytohormone eine wesentliche Rolle. Sie bilden einen Forschungsschwerpunkt von Univ.-Prof. Dr. Tomáš Werner, seit 1. Oktober 2016 Professor für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie an der Universität Graz.

„Hormone steuern und koordinieren das Wachstum und die Entwicklung von Pflanzen, indem sie Informationen zwischen den pflanzlichen Zellen und Geweben austauschen und spezifische Änderungen der Genaktivitäten bewirken“, fasst Tomáš Werner ihre Funktion vereinfacht zusammen. Die Aufklärung der komplexen molekularen Mechanismen ist Gegenstand der Untersuchungen des aus Tschechien stammenden Wissenschafters, der von 2009 bis 2016 Junior-Professor an der Freien Universität Berlin war.

Einen speziellen Fokus richtet Tomáš Werner auf die Hormonklasse der Cytokinine. „Das sind Signalmoleküle, die die Zellteilung und -differenzierung und damit das Wachstum sowie die Fortpflanzung steuern“, erklärt er. „Durch Veränderungen der Konzentration der Cytokinine lässt sich die Entwicklung der Pflanzen wesentlich beeinflussen.“ Das könnte unter anderem angesichts des Klimawandels Bedeutung bekommen, durch die Möglichkeit der Anpassung an veränderte Bedingungen. So konnten der Biologe und sein Forschungsteam zum Beispiel bereits das Wurzelwachstum verstärken und damit die Wasseraufnahme von Pflanzen optimieren oder eine vermehrte Samenbildung und erhöhten Ertrag erzielen.

Als Modellpflanze dient Werners Team die Ackerschmalwand. Das unscheinbare Unkraut wächst an Feldrainen, Wald- und Wegrändern. Sein relativ kleines, mittlerweile vollständig entschlüsseltes Genom und der kurze Generationszyklus von nur wenigen Wochen machen es zum perfekten Modellorganismus der genetischen Forschung und bieten beste Voraussetzungen für tiefe Einblicke in das Leben von Pflanzen.

created by Gudrun Pichler

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