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Thursday, 03 April 2014

Ich bin Higgs!

Mehr als 40 Jahre wurde nach dem Higgs-Teilchen gesucht.

Mehr als 40 Jahre wurde nach dem Higgs-Teilchen gesucht.

Die Entdeckung des Teilchens eröffnet einen neuen Horizont

Im Sommer 2012 war der Name des britischen Physikers Peter Higgs in aller Munde, als am Teilchenbeschleuniger LHC am CERN die Bestätigung einer jahrzehntelangen theoretischen Annahme am Computermonitor sichtbar wurde: Die WissenschafterInnen beschleunigten in einem unterirdischen Experiment im 27 Kilometer langen Ringtunnel Protonen auf Lichtgeschwindigkeit und brachten sie zur Kollision. Die aus den Teilchentrümmern entstandenen neuen Partikel zerfielen zwar in Bruchteilen von Sekunden, hinterließen aber an den speziell kalibrierten Detektoren Zerfallsspuren. Nach ersten Berechnungen war klar: Das so genannte Higgs-Boson war endlich gefunden. Somit endete die Suche nach dem letzten Puzzlestück im Standardmodell der Elementarteilchenphysik, das die Bausteine von Materie sowie die Wechselwirkung zwischen ihnen vollkommen beschreibt. 

Bereits in den 1960er-Jahren entwickelte Peter Higgs eine Theorie, nach der alle Elementarteilchen ihre Masse erst durch Wechselwirkung mit einem Higgs-Feld erhalten. „Dieses muss man sich als Hintergrund-Ebene vorstellen, die kurz nach dem Urknall entstanden ist und sich mit dem Universum ausdehnt“, erklärt Univ.-Prof. Dr. Reinhard Alkofer, Theoretischer Physiker an der Uni Graz. Wie bei anderen Feldern auch, wird die Wirkung des Higgs-Feldes durch ein Elementarteilchen, das so genannte Higgs-Boson, vermittelt. Dieses koppelt sich an andere Teilchen und verschafft ihnen dadurch Masse „Mit dem Higgs-Boson ist der letzte Baustein gefunden, den wir brauchen, um Materie zu beschreiben“, so Alkofer. „Es wird künftig die Wissenschaft unterstützen, weitere Phänomene in der Physik zu erklären.“

Mehr zum Thema Modelle und Simulation in der aktuellen UNIZEIT auf der Open-Access-Plattform der Uni Graz

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How can pupils with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have positive learning experiences and improve their social skills? Researchers at the University of Graz are investigating how science experiments in group settings can contribute to this. Initial results from the project, which is funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF, show that children react differently depending on the kind of neurodiversity, but that experimentation classes with the right setting definitely have potential. "Pupils with ASD can do more than is currently expected of them in many cases," says project leader Uwe Simon.

Sustainability Award 2024 for two projects of the University of Graz

How do major international conferences reduce their carbon footprint? And what can maths lessons contribute to education for sustainable development? Two questions that were answered at the University of Graz. The corresponding projects were awarded the Sustainability Award 2024 in silver on 26 November in Vienna. This award for Austria's universities and colleges is presented by the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Climate Protection.

Bees under observation: University of Graz provides unprecedented insights into the hive

What is going on in the combs? How many eggs is the queen laying? How much honey is there? Autonomous robots and AI algorithms provide important data and high-resolution real-time images from inside a beehive. "As part of an international team, we have developed a game-changer technology for a new type of digitalised behavioural research," reports biologist Thomas Schmickl from the Artifical Life Lab at the University of Graz. The publication, which has just appeared as the cover story in the journal "Science Robotics", describes the wealth of information that can be obtained from this unique research facility.

Research for healthy aging: FWF funds Cluster of Excellence "MetAGE" with 18 million euros

Six researchers from the Field of Excellence "BioHealth" at the University of Graz, together with colleagues from the Medical Universities of Graz and Vienna, have acquired an FWF-funded "Cluster of Excellence". Now a newly formed center of excellence will be created under the leadership of the University of Graz. The aim is to gain a better understanding of healthy aging. The findings will flow directly into clinical research.

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