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University of Graz Natural sciences News Klima-Katastrophe vor 252 Millionen Jahren
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Wednesday, 20 July 2016

Klima-Katastrophe vor 252 Millionen Jahren

Richoz' Forschungskollegen Matthew Clarkson (Edinburgh) und Leopold Krystyn (Wien) beim Probennehmen im Oman ©Uni Graz/Richoz

Richoz' Forschungskollegen Matthew Clarkson (Edinburgh) und Leopold Krystyn (Wien) beim Probennehmen im Oman

Ablagerungen aus der Zeit des Unterrias, also vor rund 250 Millionen Jahren. Fotos: Uni Graz/Richoz ©Uni Graz/Richoz

Ablagerungen aus der Zeit des Unterrias, also vor rund 250 Millionen Jahren. Fotos: Uni Graz/Richoz

Erdwissenschafter der Uni Graz entdeckt mögliche Ursache

Vor 252 Millionen Jahren kam es zum bislang größten Massensterben der Erdgeschichte. 80 bis 90 Prozent aller Arten wurden binnen kürzester Zeit ausgerottet, und das Ökosystem benötigte fünf Millionen Jahre, um sich zu erholen. Was genau den Lebewesen so hart zusetzte, ist noch nicht restlos erforscht. Priv.-Doz. Dr. Sylvain Richoz vom Institut für Erdwissenschaften der Uni Graz fand mit KollegInnen aus Wien und Großbritannien in der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Ozeane einen Puzzlestein zur Lösung des Rätsels.
Die Ergebnisse wurden in der neuesten Ausgabe des Fachjournals Nature Communications veröffentlicht. Sie geben auch Aufschluss über aktuelle Entwicklungen, da sich marine „Totzonen“ mit sauerstoffarmem Wasser derzeit entlang vieler Küsten der Welt ausbreiten.

„Bislang ging man davon aus, dass mangelnder Sauerstoff im Meerwasser zu dem Massensterben geführt hat“, erklärt Richoz. „Unter solchen Bedingungen bauen gewisse Bakterien abgetötete Lebewesen ab und produzieren dabei Schwefelsäure, die besonders giftig für marines Leben ist.“ Die neuen Untersuchungen zeigten nun, dass die Periode des Sauerstoffmangels nur kurz dauerte, allerdings in Abständen wiederkehrte und damit in der Zwischenzeit entstandene Arten erneut ausrottete. Außerdem stellte das Team fest, dass im Meerwasser vor mehr als 250 Millionen Jahren keine Schwefelsäure, dafür reichlich Eisen vorhanden war. „Das ist für uns eine große Überraschung, denn Eisen gab es nur in den Ur-Ozeanen vor der Evolution der Lebewesen“, schildert der Erdwissenschafter. Die ForscherInnen vermuten, dass hohe Lufttemperaturen chemische Verwitterungsprozesse an Land begünstigten, die folglich den Eisenfluss ins Meer verursachten.
Für die Studie analysierte das Team das Gestein von Bergen im Oman, das aus den Sedimenten der einstigen Tethys-See besteht, eines Ozeans im Osten des damaligen Superkontinents Pangaea. „Die Erkenntnisse haben zahlreiche Auswirkungen auf unser Verständnis über die chemische Zusammensetzung des Meerwassers und eröffnen viele neue Forschungswege“, betont Richoz.

Publikation:
M.O. Clarkson, R.A. Wood, S.W. Poulton, S. Richoz, R.J. Newton, S.A. Kasemann, F. Bowyer, L. Krystyn: "Dynamic anoxic-ferruginous conditions during the end-Permian mass extinction and recovery” in Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/NCOMMS12236

created by Dagmar Eklaude

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