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Thursday, 13 February 2020

Krallen zeigen

Angepasst an den felsigen Lebensraum: So wie sich Milben am Untergrund festhalten, könnten sich auch Roboter auf der Suche nach Erdbebenopfern in den Trümmern zerstörter Häuser fortbewegen. Foto: Uni Graz/Pfingstl

Angepasst an den felsigen Lebensraum: So wie sich Milben am Untergrund festhalten, könnten sich auch Roboter auf der Suche nach Erdbebenopfern in den Trümmern zerstörter Häuser fortbewegen. Foto: Uni Graz/Pfingstl

BiologInnen der Uni Graz untersuchen Milben als mögliche Vorbilder für Roboter

Je nachdem, welchen Untergrund sie bewohnen, haben Milben in Küstenregionen unterschiedliche Krallenformen entwickelt. Das konnte Biologe Tobias Pfingstl mit seinen KollegInnen nun erstmals zeigen. Die Tierchen, die felsige Gegenden bewohnen, haben robustere, stärker gekrümmte Krallen, jene in Mangroven-Gebieten schlanke, weniger gekrümmte. „Bei Arten, die in mehreren Lebensräumen vorkommen, haben wir Mischformen beobachtet“, ergänzt Pfingstl.
Die Studienergebnisse erscheinen in der heutigen Ausgabe des Open-Access-Journals PeerJ und sind auch für technische Entwicklungen von Bedeutung.
Für Gliederfüßer – die 80 Prozent der Tiere der Welt ausmachen – wurde dieser Zusammenhang zwischen Krallenform und Lebensraum erstmals gezeigt. „Die Erkenntnisse über Milben lassen sich vermutlich auf Insekten und verschiedenste Spinnentiere anwenden“, schildert der Biologe. Hoch interessant sind diese Forschungsergebnisse auch für die Bionik. „Es werden Roboter entwickelt, die Wände erklimmen oder in Erdbebengebieten in Hohlräume vordringen sollen. Die Natur liefert gute Vorbilder für die krallenartigen Strukturen, mithilfe derer sie sich fortbewegen und festhalten könnten“, erklärt Pfingstl.
Da bislang noch wenig über die Krallenformen der Spinnentiere bekannt ist, möchte er mit seinem Team die Forschung weiter ausbauen.

Publikation:
Pfingstl T., Kerschbaumer M., Shimano S.: „Get a grip – evolution of claw shape in relation to microhabitat use in intertidal arthropods (Acari, Oribatida). PeerJ 8:e8488

 

Markante Krallen: Tobias Pfingstl analysiert, mit welchem Fußwerkzeug sich Milben an felsigen oder weichen Untergründen festhalten. Foto: Uni Graz/Pfingstl
Markante Krallen: Tobias Pfingstl analysiert, mit welchem Fußwerkzeug sich Milben an felsigen oder weichen Untergründen festhalten. Foto: Uni Graz/Pfingstl
created by Dagmar Eklaude

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