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Tuesday, 10 March 2020

Leben im All

Gibt es Leben abseits der Erde? PhysikerInnen der Universität Graz halten das für wahrscheinlich. Foto: Pixabay

Gibt es Leben abseits der Erde? PhysikerInnen der Universität Graz halten das für wahrscheinlich. Foto: Pixabay

PhysikerInnen der Universität Graz weisen günstige Bedingungen auf Exoplanet nach

Bekommen wir einmal Besuch von Aliens? Das können die ForscherInnen der Universität Graz nicht vorhersagen. Aber das Team rund um Arnold Hanslmeier vom Institut für Physik wies nach, dass Leben außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems möglich ist. Zumindest der erdnächste Exoplanet Proxima Centauri b, der den Stern Proxima Centauri als „Sonne“ umkreist, ist für Mikroorganismen bewohnbar. Ausschlaggebend dafür ist ein ausreichender Schutz vor schädlicher UV-Strahlung.
„Diese Strahlung ist ein wesentlicher Faktor, der Leben, wie wir es kennen, auf der Oberfläche von Planeten beeinflusst“, fasst Hanslmeier zusammen. Unterschiedliche Wellenlängen des ultravioletten Lichts werden von der Atmosphäre eines Himmelskörpers verschieden stark absorbiert. Die Grazer PhysikerInnen haben die Auswirkungen der Strahlung unter mehreren Bedingungen für den Planeten Proxima Centauri b berechnet. Selbst in einem Worst-Case-Szenario – ohne UV-Schutz durch eine Atmosphäre und während einer starken Strahleneruption des zentralen Sterns – könnte ein Teil der Mikroorganismen weiterhin existieren. „Unsere Studie zeigt, dass bestimmte Organismen mit wesentlich extremeren Bedingungen zurechtkommen können, als wir sie auf der Erde finden“, beschreibt Hanslmeier. Das bedeutet auch, dass Leben auf anderen Exoplaneten wahrscheinlicher ist, als bisher angenommen. Die Chance für uns Menschen, mit Aliens Kontakt aufzunehmen, bleibt allerdings gering: „Die Reise zu Proxima Centauri b würde mit modernster Raumflugtechnik etwa 6000 Jahre dauern“, rechnet der Astrophysiker vor.

Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden kürzlich in den Monthly Notices of the Royal Academy of Sciences veröffentlicht.

 

Related news

Learning better: Can science experiments in group settings help children with autism?

How can pupils with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have positive learning experiences and improve their social skills? Researchers at the University of Graz are investigating how science experiments in group settings can contribute to this. Initial results from the project, which is funded by the Austrian Science Fund FWF, show that children react differently depending on the kind of neurodiversity, but that experimentation classes with the right setting definitely have potential. "Pupils with ASD can do more than is currently expected of them in many cases," says project leader Uwe Simon.

Sustainability Award 2024 for two projects of the University of Graz

How do major international conferences reduce their carbon footprint? And what can maths lessons contribute to education for sustainable development? Two questions that were answered at the University of Graz. The corresponding projects were awarded the Sustainability Award 2024 in silver on 26 November in Vienna. This award for Austria's universities and colleges is presented by the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Climate Protection.

Bees under observation: University of Graz provides unprecedented insights into the hive

What is going on in the combs? How many eggs is the queen laying? How much honey is there? Autonomous robots and AI algorithms provide important data and high-resolution real-time images from inside a beehive. "As part of an international team, we have developed a game-changer technology for a new type of digitalised behavioural research," reports biologist Thomas Schmickl from the Artifical Life Lab at the University of Graz. The publication, which has just appeared as the cover story in the journal "Science Robotics", describes the wealth of information that can be obtained from this unique research facility.

Research for healthy aging: FWF funds Cluster of Excellence "MetAGE" with 18 million euros

Six researchers from the Field of Excellence "BioHealth" at the University of Graz, together with colleagues from the Medical Universities of Graz and Vienna, have acquired an FWF-funded "Cluster of Excellence". Now a newly formed center of excellence will be created under the leadership of the University of Graz. The aim is to gain a better understanding of healthy aging. The findings will flow directly into clinical research.

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