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Monday, 21 November 2016

Wenn‘s eng wird ums Herz

Nitroglyzerin erweitert verengte Herzkranzgefäße. Grazer ForscherInnen klärten den Wirkmechanismus ein Stück weiter auf. Foto: pixabay

Nitroglyzerin erweitert verengte Herzkranzgefäße. Grazer ForscherInnen klärten den Wirkmechanismus ein Stück weiter auf. Foto: pixabay

Grazer ForscherInnen entdecken neue Details zur gefäßerweiternden Wirkung von Nitroglyzerin

Bei der Koronaren Herzkrankheit führen Ablagerungen in den Arterien zu einer Verengung der Herzkranzgefäße, was lebensbedrohlich sein kann. Dagegen hilft Nitroglyzerin – als Mundspray oder auch über ein Pflaster: Es setzt Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) frei, das die Gefäße erweitert. Ein Team um O.Univ.-Prof. Dr. Bernd Mayer vom Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz hat in Kooperation mit ForscherInnen der Medizinischen Universität Graz und der Ruhr-Universität Bochum nun diesen molekularen Wirkmechanismus ein Stück weiter aufgeklärt. Sie entdeckten, dass das Enzym Aldehyd-Dehydrogenase 2 im Körper aus Nitroglyzerin direkt – ohne die Beteiligung weiterer Prozesse – NO freisetzt. Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden in der jüngsten Ausgabe des Journal of Biological Chemistry veröffentlicht.

Dass die Aldehyd-Dehydrogenase 2 eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Freisetzung von NO aus Nitroglyzerin spielt, war der Wissenschaft bereits bekannt. Allerdings erfüllt das Enzym auch andere Aufgaben, und es war unklar, ob diese auch für die Wirkung von Nitroglyzerin relevant sind. „Um das zu überprüfen, haben wir eine Mutante der Aldehyd-Dehydrogenase 2 hergestellt, die – anders als das multifunktionale originale Enzym – ausschließlich NO bildet“, erklärt Bernd Mayer. Dann injizierten die ForscherInnen Nitroglyzerin gemeinsam mit der Mutante in glatte Muskelzellen, denen die Aldehyd-Dehydrogenase 2 fehlt. Mit einer neu entwickelten Methode konnten sie den NO-Gehalt intrazellulär messen. Das Ergebnis: „Die Mutante reichte für die NO-Freisetzung aus“, berichtet Mayer. „Damit haben wir erstmals nachgewiesen, dass die direkte Bildung von Stickstoffmonoxid durch die Aldehyd-Dehydrogenase 2 die gefäßerweiternde Wirkung von Nitroglyzerin vollständig erklärt“, fasst der Pharmakologe zusammen.

Publikation
Formation of Nitric Oxide by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Vascular Bioactivation of Nitroglycerin
Marissa Opelt, Emrah Eroglu, Markus Waldeck-Weiermair, Michael Russwurm, Doris Koesling, Roland Malli, Wolfgang F. Graier, John T. Fassett, Astrid Schrammel and Bernd Mayer
The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 291, Issue 46, 24076-24084, November 11, 2016

created by Gudrun Pichler

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